phenotypic
variety; The Human Genome
is comprised of twenty three pairs of chromosomes
Genome, Matt Ridley, (1999)
23 Chapters (1 per chromosome).
1 | 2 |
3 | 4 | 5 | 6
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14
| 15 | 16 | 17 | 18
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22
| 23
Chromatin, base pairs: bps, a sugar-phosphate helix. 35,000 genes build proteins.
Preface Primer genes defined, exons, introns & junk DNA, RNA varieties
a certain length of base pair sequences that codes for precise amino acids (LINKED TOGETHER and made into proteins by the ribosomes) is referred to as a gene, as it codes for a specific genotype.
what is it? DNA, RNA information & the Turing test, digital
data, proteins.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine are nitrogen bases: A=T G=C (1-4, 3-2)
Three base pair sequences, bps, will code for a particular amino acid, or attach to three amino acids.
G=C
C=G
T=A
G=C
C=G
T=A
what are they? 300,000 generations ago Humans and Chimpanzee
apes had a common ancestor, and 98% of the genes we have are shared by chimpanzees:
3 billion base pair sequences: bps
3 History
what is a gene? Mendel to Crick, Alkaptonuria, T-RNA,
H-Dioxigenase
0ne or two bps are different, either 690, or 901 sequence is altered!
4 Fate
1 to 1 relation of the genotype, does generate CAG
repeat sequences & Huntington’s Chorea, but is the exception and not
really the rule in genetic studies. Especially true of
disease causing mutations of the genome.
5 Environment
asthma -- ADRB2; space #46 = bronchial constriction,
pleiotrophy,
the ADRB2 gene is 1239 bps long.
6 Intelligence
IQ fallacies, IGF2R, Martin Gardner, & MHC
gene, non determinative of intelligence
analytic - creative - rational (Sternberg)
how we survive, language predisposition, Chomsky, SLI &
fetal lesions
genes are far too complicated. retrovirus, ALU-280, Hervs,
retinoblastoma
jumping genes dampened by cytosine methylation (represses expression)
9 Disease
genotype & phenotypic expression, junk DNA, blood groups,
1062 bps
parasites cause changes in the genome, sycle cell anemia, cholera
10 Stress
triadic relation: mind- body-genes, past plagues, immune suppression-- CYP17 = protein changes cholesterol to cortisol, testosteron & estradiol.
11 Personality
phenotypic
variety;
D4DR gene =dopamine receptors, serotonin
Long D4DR suppress / Short D4DR acivates dopa receptors.
12 Self-Assembly
HOX sequence & homeotic complexity no controlling
genes, timers
BMP4 -gene acts to dorsalize inverts but ventralizes
vertebrates
Chordin -gastrulation ventralise inverts but dorsalizes vertebrates!
13 Pre-History human descent, migration
race & Y chromosomal variation of traits
language groups & genes: Nostradic, NaDene, Basque-Tuscan, Uralic
14 Immortality
why cells die -- telomerase, the role of telomeres in suppressing replication
7000 genes for aging, 10% genome
15 Sex
combat & “y” chromotids; X feeds brain,
Y’ makes placenta, 3 outcomes are possible
16 Memory:
17 Death
18 Cures
DCC gene suppresses Colon cancer, disease engendering genes
APOE =897 bps long =3 types or kinds cholesterol, testing, Alzheimers & plaques
20
Politics
of food and animal feed industries. PRP & proteanase resistant protein = prions & folding of proteins as related to mad cow disease, CJD
21 Eugenics
The breeding of "better" people by suppressing mutant genes extended to the sterilization of mentally and physically disabled people, deemed legal in US by Supreme Court, decision written for the majority by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Galton & Haldane-Holmes & Churchill traditions, who choses MD / Mom
22 Free Will
individual capacity to compensate for phenotype, Hume’s fork, flexibility
x & y Conflict
xx yields a (phenotypically) female child; xy yields a (phenotypically) male child, generally speaking
sexual predation, DAX & SRY sequences combative, Xq28 fallacy & birth order
23 Chromosomes:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23
Genetics and DNA | Genetics, History | Genetic resistance | importance of genetic data | Cancer and the environment | Double Helix | Index