Revolution in "seeing" and depicting what is viewed.

Giotto, Last Judgment, 1305: Fresco

At the beginning of the 12th century, as depicted in the above sample of Italian art, there is a depiction of the Book of Revelations without resorting to the employment of perspective. We have becoem so accoustomed to perspaective that we may not fully see the difference. So compare the above painting to the Crucifixion, by Massacio, in the 1420s below.

Perspective is a western illusion generally created by use of the "linear perspective system," based on observations that objects appear to the eye to shrink and parallel lines and planes converge to infinitely distant vanishing points as they reced in space from the viewer.

Inspiration: At the beginning of the 15th century Filippo Brunelleschi worked out the same basic principles of mathematical laws of perspective -- including the concept of the vanishing point -- known to the Greeks and Romans but later discarded by Byzantine and Gothic artistic expression.

These principles were applied to painting by Massacio in 1427, especially in his "Trinity" fresco in Florence.

Source: By 1436, Leon Battista Alberti codified the rules of perspective for painters.

Alberti explained that "vision makes a triangle, and from this it is clear that a very distant quantity seems no larger than a point."

Meaning:

Interpretation: